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丹麦加密货币税:亏损抵扣与盈亏抵销机制详解

丹麦对大多数加密货币收益按最高约52%的个人所得税率征税,但同类资产的亏损仅能抵扣约26%的税额。这种不对称性(而非亏损额度上限)正是丹麦加密货币税制严苛的原因,这也使得交易时机和记录保存变得至关重要。

💵 税务
In This Article

丹麦如何对加密货币的收益与亏损征税

丹麦将大多数加密货币视为投机性资产,而非金融工具。丹麦税务局(SKAT)通常将已实现的收益视为 个人所得 (personlig indkomst),该所得属于累进税制范畴,最高税率约为52%。问题的关键在于账目的另一端:已实现的亏损被视为所谓的“评估性扣除”(ligningsmæssigt fradrag),其抵税价值仅为26%左右。

这是丹麦加密货币税制中最容易被误解的一点。该规则并非意味着亏损额中只有26%被“计入”,而是指亏损全额均可抵扣,但其抵税价值仅为26%左右,而非按收益所适用的边际税率进行抵扣。收益按最高52%征税,而亏损仅能抵扣约26%,这种结构性的不对称是其他任何主要步骤都无法消除的 (来源:SKAT关于加密资产收益与亏损的指导意见,skat.dk)

Verify Rates, brackets, and the personal allowance change annually and the figures below are illustrative. Confirm the current year's numbers and your own classification with SKAT or a qualified Danish tax adviser before filing.

丹麦何时确认加密货币的收益或亏损?

收益或亏损仅在 实现 时确认,即当你以不同于获取成本的价格出售、兑换、消费或以其他方式处置代币时。钱包中的价格波动本身并非应税事件。关键在于,加密货币之间的兑换也属于处置行为,因此即使没有法币流出你的控制范围,交易代币也可能触发纳税义务。

丹麦对稳定币的征税方式与其他加密货币不同吗?

有可能。如果某种工具根据《资本利得税法》(kursgevinstloven)被归类为 金融合约 (可能包括某些衍生品或稳定币类安排),则可能按约42%的资本所得(kapitalindkomst)征税,并享有对称的亏损抵扣,而非26%的不对称抵扣。分类取决于具体事实;在未向SKAT确认之前,切勿擅自认定代币属于金融合约。

SKAT框架下的加密货币亏损抵扣机制

当处置价格低于收购成本时,亏损即被确认。可抵扣金额包括代币本身的亏损以及直接相关的成本——交易费、佣金和网络 Gas 费都会影响您的盈亏。但请注意,您不能仅仅因为代币丢失、被盗或被困而无法处置就申报亏损:SKAT 不会将此类情况视为可抵扣的已实现亏损。

Deductible / reduces tax
  • Realised losses on disposal of speculative crypto (at ~26% tax value)
  • Exchange and platform fees on each trade
  • Network / gas fees directly tied to a transaction
  • Documented acquisition cost (cost basis)
Not deductible
  • Unrealised paper losses (price drops with no disposal)
  • Lost, stolen, or inaccessible coins
  • Losses with no supporting records SKAT can verify
  • Costs you cannot evidence with receipts or statements

在丹麦,加密货币亏损可以结转吗?

投机性加密货币亏损无法像上市股票的资本亏损那样无限期结转。亏损抵扣实际上仅限于当期税务年度,无法留存至未来使用。正是这一限制导致 何时 实现亏损与 是否 实现亏损同样重要——下文关于时机的部分将对此进行详细说明。

SKAT 对加密货币有哪些记录要求?

SKAT 要求纳税人承担举证责任。如果您无法证明成本基础或抵扣项,相关申报可能会被驳回,您将需要按更高的金额缴纳税款。请务必保留完整的交易级历史记录。

01Dates — acquisition and disposal date for every position
02Amounts — quantity and DKK value at the time of each event
03Wallet addresses — sending and receiving counterparties
04Fees — platform, commission, and gas costs per transaction
05Asset type — coin, token, contract, and the nature of the event
06Cost basis method — FIFO applied consistently across the holding

丹麦如何计算加密货币税

该累进税制的起点是年度个人免税额(personfradrag),2025 年约为 51,600 丹麦克朗。超过此额度的收入将按约 12.01% 的底层税率、各市镇不等的市政税(平均约 25%)以及针对超过约 588,900 丹麦克朗的 topskat 起征点部分征收约 15% 的高层税率进行评估 (以上数据仅供参考;请向 SKAT 核实当年最新标准)

投机性加密货币收益会纳入此个人所得税计算中。下方的示例展示了 26% 的亏损抵扣价值如何适用于不同类型的投资者。这些示例仅用于说明计算机制,不构成个性化的税务建议。

H
Henrik — Albertslund Resident · Personal income

An office manager on a 360,000 DKK salary who also realises 25,000 DKK of crypto gains. Earlier in the year he realised a 4,000 DKK crypto loss. The loss is deductible, but only at a tax value of roughly 26% — so it relieves about 1,040 DKK of tax, not 4,000 DKK at his ~37–52% marginal rate.

Crypto gains (personal income): 25,000 DKK
Loss deducted in amount: 4,000 DKK
Tax value of that loss (~26%): ≈ 1,040 DKK relief
Asymmetry: gain taxed up to ~52%, loss relieved at ~26%
F
Franziska — Non-resident Stablecoin · Financial contract

A German resident with no other Danish income who realises 50,000 DKK on a stablecoin position SKAT treats as a financial contract. As capital income, it is assessed at roughly 42% with symmetric loss treatment, separate from the progressive brackets.

Gain on financial-contract instrument: 50,000 DKK
Capital-income rate (illustrative): ~42%
Indicative liability: ≈ 21,000 DKK — classification must be confirmed

非居民需要缴纳丹麦加密货币税吗?

非居民通常仅就丹麦来源的收入纳税。来自境外平台的收益通常在您的居住国纳税,但丹麦来源的收入仍必须申报。此外,双重征税协定、经合组织的加密资产报告框架(CARF)以及欧盟的 DAC8 指令正日益缩小各国税务机关之间的信息差。认为非居民可以自动免税是一个常见且代价高昂的错误。

把握出售时机如何改变结果

由于亏损抵扣的税收价值上限约为 26% 且无法无限期留存,您实现盈亏的年份会实质性影响您的实际收益。目标是将亏损确认与抵扣力度最大的收入期间相匹配,而不是将其浪费在已处于低税率区间的收入上。

如果在工资、质押奖励和其他收入已经很高的年份实现收益,可能会将总收入推向最高税率区间,导致每一克朗的额外收入都被课以重税。审慎地实现亏损,并将其与同期的收益相抵扣,而不是任由抵扣额失效,能最大限度地保留亏损抵扣的有限价值。

E
Emil — Ringsted Timing · Same-year offset

On a 300,000 DKK salary, Emil realises 15,000 DKK in gains from speculative tokens and a 4,000 DKK loss elsewhere. Realising both in the same year lets the loss's ~26% tax value reduce the tax on the same-year gain. Deferring the disposal to a low-activity later year — when relief might expire unused — would waste it.

Same-year gains: 15,000 DKK
Loss realised same year: 4,000 DKK (≈ 1,040 DKK tax value)
Same-year matching preserves the deduction; deferral can forfeit it

在丹麦,您应该何时实现加密货币亏损?

通常情况下,应在产生收益的同一时期实现亏损以进行抵扣,并避免在无法结转的年份造成税务减免浪费。在处置资产前,请密切关注市场波动及个人收入状况,并预估税务影响。以上仅为一般性指导,并非针对您个人情况的建议,请务必咨询丹麦当地的税务顾问。

丹麦加密货币报税的常见误区

只要保持记录规范并正确解读规则,大多数导致丹麦税务局(SKAT)调整税额的错误都是可以避免的。

  • 认为“小额”交易无关紧要——事实上,每一次出售、兑换和消费都属于资产处置。
  • 误将26%的税率理解为“仅26%的亏损可抵扣”,而实际上它是指对全部亏损额按26%的比例进行税务抵扣。
  • 将投机性代币与SKAT视为金融合约的工具混淆,导致适用错误的税率。
  • 忽略了可以合法调整盈亏计算的手续费和Gas费。
  • 成本基础计算错误——FIFO(先进先出法)是标准要求,且空投代币的获取成本通常为零。
  • 误以为非居民在涉及丹麦来源收入时可以免税。
  • 未能妥善保存日期、金额、钱包地址及收据,导致SKAT在审计时无法核实。
Reform Denmark's Tax Law Council has recommended moving cryptoasset taxation toward a mark-to-market (lager) basis with more symmetric loss treatment in future years. The asymmetry described here reflects current rules; monitor the Ministry of Taxation for changes before they take effect.

稳定币众筹借贷如何简化税务申报

丹麦加密货币税务合规的难点主要源于资产波动性和交易频率。频繁的交易和DeFi收益每年会产生数千笔处置记录,每一笔都需要在交易发生的瞬间进行丹麦克朗(DKK)估值,并进行正确的盈亏分类。而以稳定币计价的定期借贷则能提供清晰得多的收入轨迹。

Spotlight — 8lends

A cleaner, lower-volatility income structure

8lends is the crypto-native crowdlending platform built by the team behind Swiss-based Maclear AG. Investors fund real small and medium-sized business loans in USDC and receive monthly interest at fixed rates. Because the unit of account is a stablecoin, day-to-day price volatility — and the valuation gymnastics it forces at tax time — is largely removed from the income itself.

Every investment, interest payout, and principal return is executed by smart contract on the Base blockchain and recorded immutably on-chain. The income type, amount, and timing are defined in advance, giving you a complete, timestamped record that maps cleanly onto SKAT's documentation expectations — dates, amounts, counterparties, and fees.

Each borrower passes 40+ due diligence criteria assessed by Maclear AG and is rated on an AAA–D scale before listing. Loans are backed by real-world collateral, and selected projects include BuyBack protection, returning 100% of principal if a borrower delays beyond 60 days. Returns are not guaranteed and capital is at risk.

19–25% APR
Fixed APR in USDC
On-chain
Full audit trail
0
Defaults to date
$152.7M+
Total funded
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为什么稳定币借贷比DeFi收益更容易申报?

以稳定币形式计入的利息在特定时间以确定金额到账,且其丹麦克朗价值相对恒定,因此每一笔收入都易于记录。这与在不同流动性池和链之间频繁切换的情况形成对比,后者中每一次交互都可能成为波动资产下的独立应税事件。借贷收入虽然仍需纳税和申报,但其记录更为清晰。关于更广泛的欧盟背景,请参阅我们的指南: 瑞典30%的加密货币税 以及 葡萄牙的加密货币税收制度,以及我们关于 每位投资者都应权衡的P2P借贷风险的概述。

核心要点

What to remember
  • Denmark taxes most realised crypto gains as personal income at rates up to roughly 52%.
  • Losses are deductible in full as an amount, but the deduction carries a tax value of only about 26% — the core asymmetry, not a cap on the loss.
  • Speculative crypto losses are not carried forward indefinitely, so the timing of disposals directly affects relief.
  • Instruments SKAT classifies as financial contracts may be taxed at about 42% as capital income with symmetric loss treatment.
  • Non-residents still report Danish-source income; CARF and DAC8 are closing the information gap.
  • Stablecoin-denominated, fixed-term lending produces a cleaner, lower-volatility income record for tax purposes.

关于 8lends

8lends 是一个加密众筹借贷平台,由总部位于瑞士的 Maclear AG 团队打造。该平台让投资者能够通过 Base 区块链上的 USDC 为真实的中小企业贷款提供资金。借款人需通过 Maclear AG 评估的 40 多项尽职调查标准,并获得 AAA 至 D 级的信用评级。所有贷款均由现实世界的抵押品提供支持,部分精选项目还享有回购保障。Maclear AG 作为非银行金融中介机构运营,是 PolyReg SRO 的成员,并受瑞士金融法规(包括 AML、KYC 和 GDPR)的监管。

Notice This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment, financial, tax, or legal advice. Danish crypto tax rules depend on your residency, classification of assets, and personal circumstances, and they change over time. Crypto and crowdlending investments carry a risk of partial or total capital loss; past performance does not indicate future results. Consult SKAT or a qualified Danish tax adviser before making decisions. Availability of products and services may be restricted in certain jurisdictions.

Explore 8lends' collateral-backed crowdlending projects — fixed-rate USDC income with a complete on-chain record for cleaner tax reporting. Capital is at risk.

View open projects →
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